Enterprise Applications Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Enterprise Applications - Research Paper Example From this paper it is clear that  supply chain management (SCM) information flow management among and between the supply chain stages with the view of maximizing profitability and supply chain effectiveness. In this case, the supply chain includes all the parties that are either indirectly or directly involved in the purchase of raw materials or products. Unlike in the past where organizations were more focused on quality improvements and manufacturing, a shift has been experienced in the current corporate world towards influencing SCM to include suppliers and customers. Thus, organizations are expected to embrace technologies that would have an effective impact on the management of the supply chains.  As the discussion stresses virtually seamless links of information between and within organizations form an essential part of integrated supply chains. The major role of Information Technology (IT) in the supply chain is thus to establish tight process and information linkages or c reate integrations between organizational functions. Technological advances made in the recent past have made integrated SCM possible. SCM is driven by various factors including visibility, consumer behavior, speed, and competition. Visibility refers to having a clear view of all the areas of the supply chain, up and down.  Changes in consumer behavior are also evident in the market environment as consumer demands have increased, and so has the need for organizations to respond to such needs faster and effectively by enhancing the supply chain.

The impact on business continuity from the failure of outside Essay

The impact on business continuity from the failure of outside utilities - Essay Example When Hurricane Sandy swept across New York City shut down many businesses, Goldman Sachs is one business which managed to mitigate and protect itself from the adverse impact of the disaster. When it was apparent New York City would not be spared of the hurricane menace, the business owner stacked bags around its head offices (The Economist). By the time storm was settling, Goldman Sachs’ headquarters was one of the few offices that remained safe, dry and with proper illumination in the downtown Manhattan area. Even as firms such as Goldman Sachs prepared themselves to counter the disaster, a block away was a completely disrupted and flooded headquarters of Verizon with all its services interrupted. Verizon had its phone and internet cables all submerged, cutting off millions of services of the company. However, the firm managed to reroute most of its traffic through their other networks. ConEdison, an electricity utility company which serves the city of New York had nearly a million of its customers with no electricity when their underground equipment and power lines destroyed. Although the company had designed its facilities to sustain up to 3.8 meters of any tidal surge, the Hurricane Sandy surpassed this and hit 4.3 meters (The Economist). This interruption went for more than nine days, causing massive losses to businesses and individuals homes that relied on their services. Hurricane Sandy is one of the disastrous events that clearly tested various firms’ ability to cope with unexpected disasters.

The poverty trap

The poverty trap SHORT ESSAY Topic: Getting households out of the poverty trap requires a greater focus on the â€Å"demand† side rather than the â€Å"supply† side. Introduction Despite the substantial amount of research undertaken to study the economic growth and development and analyse how it facilitates the poverty reduction, there has not been still one remedy discovered to make poor countries rich. Poverty continues to be the cause of suffering of millions of people around the globe, who are caught in a poverty trap. Azariadis and John Stachurski (2005) define the poverty trap as â€Å"any self-reinforcing mechanism which causespoverty to persist†. Those mechanisms causing poverty to persist can include, for instance, limited access to education, inadequate nutrition, lack of public health care, limited access to credit and capital markets, inefficient governance, social instability and poor infrastructure. We can use one of the listed mechanisms to illustrate the emergence of the poverty trap. Limited access to education leads to an increased level of illiteracy among the poor, which further determines the niche the poor can take in the labour m arket. Being uneducated, the poor is restricted to perform unskilled labour, which does not pay high wages and brings the poor’s income level down. Income deprivation subsequently leads to inadequate nutrition, limited access to education, etc. That is the trajectory poor households follow towards falling into the poverty trap. What are the ways to get households out of the poverty trap? There are two types of policies, â€Å"supply† and â€Å"demand† side policy interventions, which are applied to break the poverty trap. â€Å"Supply† side policies aim to directly provide services to the poor that may focus among other spheres of concern on education, health, or infrastructure, whereas the â€Å"demand† side policy proponents argue that first poor should demand these services, otherwise they are going to be ineffective. The author of this essay shares the latter point of view as well. Evidence suggests that enabling poor people to participate in determining services they need, their quality and quantity is critical in ensuring policy intervention’s success. To guarantee sustainability of the results there should be social accountability in place, which allows poor people to hold the government accountable for the decisions and choices it makes for the poor. We also build our argument based on a country example from Bangladesh, where a â€Å"demand† side financing intervention has outperformed a â€Å"supply† side financing intervention in the healthcare sector. Hence, this essay aims to argue that getting households out of the poverty trap requires a greater focus on the â€Å"demand† side rather than the â€Å"supply† side. Voices of the Poor Mani et al (2013) argue that being preoccupied with pressing financial concerns the poor have fewer cognitive resources to guide their choice and action; therefore, they are unable to take informed decisions due to their poor mental capabilities. Thus, taking this fact into consideration â€Å"supply† side policies are designed to help the poor to get out of poverty without hearing their voices. It is believed that the government can decide better what is needed to get the poor out of the poverty trap on poor people’s behalf. However, according to the World Development Report (2004), â€Å"public services often fail people – in access, quantity, and quality†. The report emphasizes that the main reason of the failed efforts of the developing countries to make services work for the poor is the extent to which poor people themselves are engaged in determining the quality and the quantity of the services which they are entitled to. Services can work better if â€Å"poor people are put at the centre of service provision by enabling them to monitor and discipline services providers by strengthening their voice in policymaking and by reinforcing the incentives for providers to serve the poor† (World Development Report, 2004). However, the â€Å"supply† side proponents will argue that a well-targeted strategy of the â€Å"supply† side performance incentives could on its own be enough to achieve the desired outcomes, for instance, drawing upon an example from Nicaragua where a conditional cash transfer program showed â€Å"significant improvements in immunizations, growth monitoring, and reductions in stunting† (Regalà ­a, F. and Castro, L., 2009). Upon completion of the program an evaluation was conducted to identify the impact the combined â€Å"supply† and â€Å"demand† side intervention had. The evaluation showed that combining â€Å"supply† and â€Å"demand† side policies can significantly increase the use of health services among poor households and improve health outcomes. Furthermore, the evaluation aimed to assess the impact â€Å"demand† side incentives alone played in this intervention. For this purpose, an evaluation about ten months after â€Å"demand† side incentives had been stopped in certain areas was conducted, and it revealed that take-up rates for preventive health care services still remained high. The evaluation explained this result by the possibility that the program strategy dramatically improved provider outreach activities during the initial stage of implementation and thus the access of poor households to health services, reducing the costs of time and travel to reach healthcare service delivery points was also improved. It is possible, therefore, that a well-targeted strategy of â€Å"supply† side performance incentives could, on its own, be enough to achieve and maintain high levels of health care service use among poor rural populations in Nicaragua (Regalà ­a, F. and Castro, L., 2009). Although this example shows that â€Å"supply† side policies on their own can be efficient in helping the poor to get better access to health care services, we need to bear in mind that this is only one example and, therefore, it cannot be representative of all â€Å"supply† side policy interventions. It is also stressed by the evaluation that the success of the program might be because provider outreach activities were improved; thus, we question here that should â€Å"demand† side incentives, such as incentives for health providers to develop efficient plans to expand coverage rapidly in underserved areas, were not there from the beginning of the program the outcome of the program could have been less successful. Sustainability and Social Accountability Designing policy interventions based solely on the â€Å"supply† side approach ensures less sustainability. When the poor are not knowledgeable enough about the policy intervention and, therefore, less concerned about maintaining the results of the policy once it is completed, the intervention will have a short-term impact. This is one of the concerns often raised by aid agencies (International Labour Organization, 2001). A policy intervention is regarded as sustainable in case it carries on indeterminately with no further donor involvement or support, whether it be financial or otherwise. With a greater focus on the â€Å"demand† side, this concern is more likely to be addressed. In particularly, focusing policies on capacity building of the poor in terms of educating them about their rights, public services they are entitled to receive, the role they can play in improving their livelihood, providing more information about the stakeholders involved in policy design and implementation, etc., can be conducive to poverty reduction and, hence, to sustainable development. For instance, Economic Development Institute (1996) suggests that non-governmental organizations can assist the poor to identify their needs and identify their priorities. These measures will build poor people’s capacity to demand services they need and hold policymakers accountable for their actions and policy choices. In other words, this will strengthen social accountability that relies on civil engagement, i.e. in which â€Å"the poor can participate directly or indirectly in exacting accountability† (World Bank, 2004). This mechanism can function only through the demand side approach as it operates from the bottom-up (World Bank, 2004). It can be though argued that poor people caught in the poverty trap will be less concerned about social accountability when, for instance, they lack basic access to nutrition and clean water in the first place. Therefore, it is inefficient to consider developing soft skills of the poor until they have basic infrastructure, which would allow them to sustain their living and only then they can take a next step to improving their capacity and benefiting from social accountability. Poor people need immediate help today. Building capacity of the poor will take longer time to show its results. Additionally, the â€Å"supply† side of governance already uses certain measures such as checks and balances, administrative rules and procedures, auditing requirements, and formal law enforcement mechanisms to tackle the challenge of accountability. Indeed, â€Å"supply† side policies aim to address immediate needs of the poor. However, the intervention can be considered successful if it is sustainable. Relying on the present-bias, i.e. immediate provision of services â€Å"today† rather than investment in developing capacity of the poor for greater results in the longer term, does not guarantee sustainability in the long run. As a result, the poor can only temporary get out of the poverty trap and then again be trapped into poverty once the intervention is completed. Empowering the poor through social accountability enables sustainable development. While the supply based approach is an intervention that is limited to provision of services only and does not spread much beyond to improvement in governance, social accountability serves a multiple purpose and, therefore, has a long-lasting effect. As such, social accountability facilitates improvement in governance, ensures development effectiveness through a more-pro -poor policy design and, lastly, empowers poor people to demand goods and services they need most. As to the accountability measures used by the â€Å"supply† side of governance, evidences suggests that â€Å"these â€Å"top-down† accountability promoting mechanisms have met with only limited success in many countries, both developed and developing† (World Bank, 2004). As a result, social accountability measures described above are preferred. â€Å"Demand† Side Financing Furthermore, having analyzed a number of â€Å"supply† side interventions and behaviors of the poor we can restate that it’s crucial to focus more on the â€Å"demand† side interventions. One of the main sectors covered by the â€Å"supply† side polices is a healthcare sector. Studies show that despite considerable subsidies allocated towards the supply side the access to the health care systems among the poor remains low. To address this drawback new â€Å"demand† side financing mechanisms are introduced (Schmidt, J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S., 2010). These mechanisms transfer purchasing power to the targeted groups for defined healthcare goods and services. This measure is aimed to increase poor households’ access to specified goods and services. In particularly, such mechanism was applied in Bangladesh, where a maternal voucher scheme was implemented. The scheme provided vouchers to poor women that entitled them to receive skille d care at home or a facility and also provided payments for transport and food (Schmidt, J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S., 2010). The evaluation of the program suggests that the take-up of vouchers was more rapid when the scheme was implemented through the â€Å"demand† side financing than previously through the â€Å"supply† based financing. Authors of the report describe the earlier implemented scheme through the â€Å"supply† side financing as an â€Å"apparent failure†, when all resources were allocated to the supply side and it was assumed that those with need will be able to access services. While â€Å"supply† side financing schemes can improve their outreach to the poor by constructing hospitals in the remote rural areas or providing funds for transport or transport itself to reach hospitals in cities, and improving service quality, so that people can have easier access to public healthcare services. However, as practice shows that is rather challenging. Gupta, I., Joe, W. and Rudra, S. (2010)state that policymakers in developing countries have come to realize that public health services have not been achieving desired outcomes due to â€Å"a significant lack of efficiency, fairness in service provision and its quality†. Although, the â€Å"demand† side financing can be questioned with regards to the quality of healthcare services left to the providers’ discretion, the â€Å"demand† side interventions are implemented with an assumption that service providers are responsible for the service quality assurance, and if intervention beneficiaries are left to choose from a set of service providers, it is assumed that there is a considerable number of service providers to choose from. However, returning back to the example from Bangladesh we conclude that demand-side financing schemes are more effective based on the available data, which suggests that the rise in the voucher take-up appeared to be more rapid through the â€Å"demand† side financing scheme than through other non-demand side financing (â€Å"supply† side financing) areas. Conclusion In the course of this essay we aimed to emphasize that getting poor households out of the poverty trap requires a greater focus on the â€Å"demand† side interventions rather than the â€Å"supply† side interventions. In particularly, we highlighted the evidence proving this argument through examples of the assumed cognitive poverty of the poor, where practitioners on the contrary bring evidence that those interventions that involve the poor in determining the quantity and quality of services they need prove to be more efficient. We also brought up the idea of social accountability that is critical not only in ensuring effectiveness and efficiency of the poverty alleviation programs, but also in improving governance and maintaining sustainability of the policy outcomes. Finally, we dwelled into a particular example of a policy intervention from Bangladesh, which aimed to provide vouchers to poor women that entitled them to receive skilled care at home or a facility and also provided payments for transport and food. The evaluation of this intervention helped us to analyze the results of both â€Å"demand† side financing and â€Å"supply† side financing. We reconfirmed that evidence from Bangladesh also proves that â€Å"demand† side policies are more effective in reaching the poor and addressing their needs. Bibliography: Azariadis, C. and Stachurski, J. (2005). Poverty Traps,Handbook of Economic Growth. World Bank, (2004).World Development Report 2004: Making Services Work for Poor People. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Regalà ­a, F. and Castro, L. (2009).Nicaragua: Combining Demand- and Supply-Side Incentives. Washington D.C. Economic Development Institute (1996).The Design and Management of Poverty Reduction Programs and Projects in Anglophone Africa: Proceedings of a Seminar Sponsored Jointly by the Economic Management Institute. Washington D.C. Mani, A. et al (2013). Poverty Impedes Cognitive Function. Science, 341(6149), p. 976-980. International Labour Organization, (2001).Mainstreaming Poverty Alleviation Strategies through Sustainable Rural Infrastructure Development. p.14. World Bank, (2004).Social Accountability: An Introduction to the Concept and Emerging Practice. Social Development Papers. Participation and Civic Engagement. Paper No. 76. Washington D.C.: World Bank. Gupta, I., Joe, W. and Rudra, S. (2010).Demand Side Financing in Health: How far can it address the issue of low utilization in developing countries?. World Health Report. Background Paper, 27. Schmidt, J., Ensor, T., Hossain, A. and Khan, S. (2010). Vouchers as demand side financing instruments for health care: A review of the Bangladesh maternal voucher scheme.Health Policy, [online] 96(2), pp.98-107. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2010.01.008 [Accessed 1 Nov. 2014].

Business :: essays research papers

â€Å"Website Comparison for Banking† There is a big difference in nice-looking websites and websites designed to market business effectively. The many similarities and differences when viewing websites help end users determine who to conduct business with. Some of these include the look and feel of each website, the user friendly options, the navigation and accessibility when searching for a particular category or business. In this paper, we have compared and analyzed three different banking websites Washington Mutual, Compass Bank and Bank of America in an effort to summarize their effectiveness and to determine which website in our opinion would draw consumer interests. Washington Mutual   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When evaluating Washington Mutual’s website, there was one feature that stood out more than the websites for Compass Bank and Bank of America; their advertisement for Free Online Banking. This is centrally located on the web page because it is in a bright color and is toward the top of the page which is eye catching to the viewer (WAMU, 2005). Many people today choose to do banking on-line to not only save money on checks and stamps, but it is also less time-consuming. By offering this service for free, Washington Mutual has more chances to gain new customers than other banks, which may currently charge for on-line banking. For those existing customers, the login screen to obtain account information is fairly accessible. It is located on the top right hand corner of the web page and also gives the chance for the user to inquire on the password in case they have forgotten it (WAMU, 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Even though Washington Mutual does have a couple of features that stand out in comparison to the other two banks, we believe that their website could be more user friendly if there was not so much information crowded together which makes it harder to read. They do have access to pertinent information for those trying to locate specific information such as home loans or location information, but it does not stand out and it is not eye catching for the end user. This may deter someone from opening an account with Washington Mutual simply because of the setup of the web page. Pictures and icons are very important for websites because they can catch the viewer’s attention and it also makes their browsing experience a better one. People want to access their bank information or any other banking needs as fast as possible.

Alice in Wonderland

Alice in Wonderland/Through the Looking Glass by Lewis Carroll I would like to start by saying that I hated this book. It made no sense to me, and the entire time I felt that the author was on crack. I was expecting it to be a great book, because I loved the movie so much (animated one). The book never had a sensible plot, it was just this annoying little girl who was having these twisted dreams that made no sense to me, although I do realize that they have deeper social/political meanings. It is a complicated and intelligent novel that only smart and analytical people can understand it, while actually enjoying it too.In some sense the craziness of the novel kind of makes sense because it is a dream, and dreams can be quite ridiculous. I did not like the novel because it did not have an exciting climax or conflict. I never had the feeling of anticipation while reading it, or any enthusiasm whatsoever. The book had a lot of puns and poems that a lot of people enjoy, but I personally h ate puns and poems. Overall the book was not a good match for me, and I will be more careful in choosing my novel next time. RAWLIPS Wisdom of Youth:Alice is constantly challenged of who she is and how she perceives things, but by the end she is the same little girl with the same outlook of life. She remains true to herself. Loss of Innocence: This seems to be the more apparent theme in the entire novel. Alice’s loss of innocence is illustrated with her constant change in size which represents puberty. In the beginning, she comes across one of her first obstacles: getting through the small door into the garden. First she drinks the bottle that reads â€Å"DRINK ME† (Carroll 10) which shrinks her, but then she realizes she forgot the key.So then she eats a piece of cake that reads â€Å"EAT ME† (Carroll 12) and she grows large. It’s clever that Carroll chooses to have actual food to be the thing that makes Alice grow. The whole growing and shrinking happen s quite a few times throughout the novel. The whole point is to show how Alice doesn’t really think of the consequences of her actions, just like an innocent child. She just doesn’t care. But when she is faced with the difficulty of her mistakes, she suffers. She cries when she realizes she can’t get through to the garden, which then ends up almost drowning her.She almost destroys the White Rabbit’s house because of her gigantic growth yet again. She gets called a serpent by a pigeon, again because of her weird growing. She also begins to forget a lot of her lessons. All this change to her physical appearance makes her realize she also has issues inside. She begins to have an identity issue, like a lot of kids when growing up. â€Å"’I-I’m a little girl’ said Alice, rather doubtfully† (Carroll 43). Alice doesn’t know if she’s herself anymore. She also comes across people who aren’t exactly kind and understa nding to Alice, especially the Queen who represents evil.She is saddened by the world she sees, especially when she sees the corruption and coldness of the Queen who sends everyone to their execution. So here is this little girl, in a whole new world that’s so twisted and filled with twisted people, going through all these physical and emotional changes. However, Alice is one of the few characters of this theme to NOT crumble and lose. She is able to preserve her view of the world as it originally was, and doesn’t change much from the beginning of the novel to the end, because her adventure only happened in her dream.It’s only at the end of the first book where Alice grows physically and realizes she doesn’t have to be afraid of the creatures â€Å"nothing but a pack of cards! † (Carroll 97) and then she wakes up. Her waking up proves that everything was made up and an illusion, so she shouldn’t be afraid. Illusion VS Reality: Alice is prett y much in an illusion throughout the entire novel. She doesn’t know what’s real and what’s not. She tries to fit in what she thinks is reality, but is contradicted by all the characters.The part of the novel where the illusion finally becomes reality is when Alice is attacked by the playing cards in the court room, and it is shown to actually be â€Å" dead leaves that had fluttered down from the trees upon her face† (Carroll 98), waking her from her dream (illusion) into reality. And then again in Through the Looking Glass when Alice thinks she is shaking the queen, when really it’s just her cat. Alice doesn’t even dwell over the fact that she goes in and out of reality, because she is just a kid. Although she does think about the King, and that maybe she’s actually in his dream.Characters Alice Liddell: A seven and a half year old girl whose goal in Wonderland is to go to the Queen’s garden, and to become a queen in Through t he Looking Glass. Alice can be described as imaginative and creative. It seems her only real friends are her sister, who doesn’t even have a name, and her cats. Alice is an adventurous girl, and sometimes her curiosity gets the better of her. She can’t help but follow her instincts without second thought. She wants to learn more about the world around her, and like a kid doesn’t realize the consequences of her actions.But, it’s important to note that she is in a dream, and in a dream our decisions don’t really matter because the consequences aren’t real. So Alice might have gotten herself in dangerous situations because of her curiosity, but she was never in any really danger. Alice also never grows as a character in the novel. She does grow physically, but not mentally. She doesn’t learn anything, she doesn’t become any smarter or wiser or experienced—she remains the same because nothing has physically happened in her l ife, it was all a dream.Alice’s sole purpose is to guide the reader into this wonderland and through these crazy characters. White Rabbit: This character is the opposite of Alice. He thinks too much, and he is the epitome of stress and anxiety. He’s always worried about being late. He is also the reason why Alice ends up in wonderland. He was curious to her. The Caterpillar: The Caterpillar is probably my favorite character. He is the first character in which Alice gets help from. He helps her with her size issue by telling her about the mushrooms. He also tells Alice about metamorphosis and that it’s not a bad thing to grow.Deeper meaning would be that growing up is a part of nature and completely normal. The Caterpillar reminded me of like a kid in school who is experimenting with drugs and is peer pressuring Alice to take mushrooms (the drug that people do now). I don’t know if people did mushrooms back then during Carroll’s time, I’m pre tty sure it was available because its mushrooms, but it’s a funny coincident. The Cheshire Cat: Out of all the characters in Wonderland, Alice likes the Cat the best because she is fond of cats. The Cat is known for its grin and also that it can disappear and reappear whenever it wants.The cat shows to be a powerful character because not even the most powerful people, the King and Queen, can get it. The Duchess: The Duchess is a little weird. She seems bipolar because her personality drastically changes the second time she meets Alice in the garden. In the pepper room she was an abusive parent, and then in the garden she was nice to Alice and kept trying to get close to her. She also kept trying to get to the moral story, â€Å"†Every thing's got a moral, if only you can find it. â€Å"(Carroll 70). However, Alice just seems annoyed by her, and whatever she thinks, is what Carroll thinks.And so if Carroll is annoyed by her, than he might be annoyed by morality. Howeve r, that doesn’t make sense because Carroll was a religious person. So, this is the character I am unsure about. The Queen of Hearts: She is the evil character in the wonderland. She constantly goes around sentencing people to death. What I don’t understand is why Carroll always makes the most powerful character a woman, and also the most evil. It is speculated that Carroll was not exactly smooth with the ladies, but instead had an obsession with little girls, like Alice Liddell, who was an actual person (Shulevitz).So, maybe he just didn’t like older women and saw them as evil. King of Hearts: He is not mentioned much but in comparison to the Queen he is much kinder in that he prevents the Queen from executing everyone. He is also a doormat in the relationship with the Queen. This might also be a view that Carroll has. He might not like older women because he thinks they dominate and control the relationship in ruthless and corrupt ways. I am completely guessing , but it sounds plausible. The Red Queen: She is the queen in the Looking Glass world.She defies my theory on how Carroll views women. Because she is actually nice and helps Alice become a Queen. Even though you would think, because the whole thing is based on a chess game, the Red Queen would hate Alice for being a queen because they are not on the same side of the game. She is also extremely fast, just like a queen player is in a game of chess since they can pretty much go in any direction and as far as they want. But the Red Queen is commanding and bossy. She also turns into Alice’s cat at the end. The White Queen: The White queen is a child archetype.She can’t really look after herself, and many times Alice has to help her. The whole idea of Looking Glass world is that everything is backwards and the relationship between Alice and the Queen is another example of this. Instead of the adult taking care of the child, the child is taking care of the adult. Deeper meani ng to this would be that even children can be mature and be caregivers. This makes sense because Carroll did have an eerie interest in little children, especially girls. It’s even been speculated that he wanted to marry the real Alice Liddell (Shulevitz).The White Knight: After reading the Sparknotes definition of the White King, his role in the novel makes a little more sense than a random guy just escorting Alice because he wants to. The Sparknotes page states that Carroll modeled the White Knight after himself. This is plausible to me because the White Knight seemed really interested in Alice and helping her. â€Å"I’ll see you safe to the end of the wood—and then I must go back, you know. That’s the end of my move. † (Carroll 181). Carroll also chooses to have Alice say that the White Knight â€Å"dazzled her† (Carroll 187). Like the White Knight, Carroll had shaggy hair, blue eyes, and a mild face. Also like Carroll, the White Knight ha s a penchant for inventing and compulsively preparing for any kind of contingency, no matter how ridiculous† (Sparknotes Editors). The White Knight is also really clumsy and can’t seem to ride his horse properly in a straight line. This makes sense because the entire thing is a game of chess, and since he is a Knight he can only move in a shape of an L. The White Knight also recites a song for Alice and says she is going to cry (because of the separation between them in real life maybe).According to Sparknotes, â€Å"he sings a song that conjures up feelings of wistful longing, calling attention to the idea of Alice’s transformation into a queen as a metaphor for her sexual awakening into womanhood. The White Knight represents a figure from her childhood who can bring her to the point at which she reaches adulthood before he must let go. The scene between the White Knight and Alice is marked by feelings of nostalgia tinged with regret, since Alice must eventuall y leave the White Knight and claim her new role alone† (Sparknotes Editors).The first time I read through the song that the White Knight sings to Alice I did not get any â€Å"metaphor for [Alice’s] sexual awakening into womanhood†, because she’s only seven and that would never go through my mind. So I read it again and I still didn’t see it. But the line â€Å"Of that old man I used to know† (Carroll 189) jumped out at me and then I kind of got the poem. The â€Å"old man† is obviously Carroll, and the â€Å"I† is Alice. Carroll believes that the real Alice Liddell viewed him as an old man that played with her, but Carroll also states that she cared about him when he writes that she â€Å"weep[s]† for the old man.But that’s in the poem, and not what actually happens because Alice doesn’t cry at all after hearing the song. So I’m not really sure if Carroll is saying that the real Alice Liddell cared f or him or not. The White Knight does state that â€Å"the end of [his] move† is when he gets her to a safe place where she doesn’t need his protection anymore. This can be seen as the real life situation between Carroll and Alice Liddell. Carroll couldn’t stay with her forever and so there had to be a time where he had to let her go.He couldn’t follow her through puberty and her growth into a woman (maybe because he didn’t want her as an older woman, because he’s not attracted to older women, and wants to stick to little girls). Either way Carroll is creepy. The Red King: Most important thing about him is that he sleeps, and Alice thinks that she is a part of his dream, instead of him being a part of her dream. Humpty Dumpty: He recites poems and also analyzes them to Alice. He does to poems what the students do in AP Lit. When he finds the meanings of things he makes up whatever he wants. ’When I use a word,’ Humpty Dumpty sai d in rather a scornful tone, ‘it means just what I choose it to mean — neither more nor less. ’’(Carroll 161). Again, it’s like AP Lit, we have to try to find a meaning a bigger picture in the text we read even if we have no idea what it’s about. Make stuff up, right? Well that’s what humpty Dumpty does. As I have learned in class, you can’t be wrong as long as you can back up her theory with proof. Although, he might give any word any meaning he wants, he says that names should have a specific meaning. I don’t understand what the meaning behind that is. He explains the poem â€Å"Jabberwocky† to Alice.While reading the book I never paid much attention to the poem because I thought it was nonsense. Humpty Dumpty has a lot of riddles and puns. When Alice asks him why he’s all alone, he says that there is no one with him. Well, obviously. He doesn’t answer the questions that Alice asks of him the way sh e wants, the way normal people in the normal world would. His riddles and puns remind me of the joke, â€Å"why did the chicken cross the road? † It’s like, no duh to get to the other side. Tweedledum and Tweedledee: Twin brothers that recite poetry to Alice and also get into a fight because of a rattle.Carroll is literally portraying little boys who are immature. It also shows that Carroll did not like little boys; he liked little girls. He portrays Alice as a smart little girl, but the twin boys as idiots. The twins are also the only young boy characters; Carroll decides not to have little boy characters. It might be because he doesn’t see Alice’s partners as little boys, but grown men like himself (Shmoop Editorial Team). With the way Carroll describes the relationship between the White Knight and Alice as opposed to the relationship between the twins and Alice is different.He sees someone like him as more fit to be her partner than little boys. Just c reepy. The Mad Hatter: A guy at the tea party in which Alice went to. He shows up a couple of more times through the novel, but doesn’t have a major role in the story. I’m kind of surprised he wasn’t more important in the novel because Tim Burton made an entire movie dedicated to the Mad Hatter. He tells Alice that he had a fight with Time and as a result the tea parties are always at six o’clock, and it just so happens that it’s always six o’clock. He acts as if Time is a real person.I don’t understand the meaning of time being stopped, or even treating time as a person. The whole point of the Tea Party scene, along with its weird members, is to show the craziness of wonderland. Mock Turtle: The Mock turtle is named after mock turtle soup, because the Queen says it herself to Alice that â€Å"It's the thing Mock Turtle Soup is made from,† (Carroll 73). The Mock Turtle is depressed because he wants to be a real turtle. The Mock Turtle is another pun, because the actual soup uses parts of a calf in the soup, and the non-muscular meat part of it is used to imitate (mock) turtle meat.So there isn’t actually any turtle meat in the soup. And the picture in the book illustrates the head of the Mock Turtle is that of a calf. This pun literally wants me to smack my forehead and say â€Å"really? † It’s so weird, and I don’t get the point of doing it. It just goes to show that this really is a book meant for children; however it’s too complicated for them. And you have to be an adult who really likes puns and nonsense to enjoy this book. The Gryphon: He is the one that tells Alice that the Queen of Hearts doesn’t actually execute anyone. This realization shows that rulers control people by fear.Caucus Race Carroll uses the caucus race of the animals to criticize politics and people in politics. The whole â€Å"dry† thing (â€Å"how to get dry again† [Carroll 21]) can mean that they are â€Å"dry† people, as in boring. So politics and politicians are boring. When they race, there is no finish line or anything, they just call stop so that everyone wins. Nothing gets accomplished, other than the fact that they get dry. Carroll is also exposing that politicians are just like these animals, which randomly run around without a proper â€Å"race† and accomplish little.For example, Obama during the 2008 campaign promised a bunch of stuff and in the â€Å"race† he won. But once he was president, he didn’t do a lot of what he said he was going to do, and in fact did the opposite of what he was going to do. So in the end, it can be argued that he didn’t do as much as he could. Also, just because he was announced the winner, doesn’t mean his opponents didn’t win either. For example, Sarah Paling got extremely rich because of the media exposure she got off the campaign. Cards I noticed that all the im portant and high class people were Hearts, including the king and queen.And the Spades are gardeners, Diamonds are courtiers, and the Clubs are soldiers. I always assumed that the Spades were the most powerful because in the game 21 getting black jack is the best hand. Also, in a deck of cards the ace of spades is the only card that looks slightly different than the rest of the deck. The thing that puzzled me is that the King of Hearts (the actual playing card) is more powerful than the Queen of Hearts, but in Wonderland the Queen appears to have more power than the King. The King does overshadow the Queen in the fact that he preempts the executions demanded by the Queen.So, she might appear to have more authority, but the actual power is in the hands of the King. However, I don’t really understand why Carroll would do this. Is it to show that no matter how many female rulers there are, the man will always be in charge and undermine the female ruler’s commands/choices? Croquet This is the scene I was most familiar with when I read it in the book because it was such a big scene in the animated movie. Instead of having inanimate objects as the equipment of the game, they were live animals. It’s just weird; I don’t think there is a meaning behind it.All I know is that it is definitely animal cruelty and PETA would not be pleased with the idea. The Queen always wins this game because if anyone seems to be better than her, she will just sentence them to death. Chess The game of chess is important in the second half of the novel in Looking Glass World. The entire journey for Alice is a Chess game, because she is transforming from being a pawn into being a queen. It’s exactly like how the real game works. My main strategy in chess is to always get one of my pawns all the way across to exchange it for a queen.Carroll is using this analogy to illustrate the growth of Alice. The pawn represents her being a child, and the queen represen ts her growing up and maturing. The queen is also the most powerful piece in the game, which is why Carroll has the Red Queen as a more powerful character than the king, who just sleeps. Importance of Color The colors red and white are important both in Wonderland and Looking Glass World. First you see the white roses that the cards put by mistake, because they were supposed to be red by the Queens orders. Then in Looking Glass World there are the red chess pieces and the white chess pieces.I don’t think this is a coincidence. White represents innocence and purity, and red represents rage. In the case of the roses the white roses represents Alice. The painting of the white roses with red paint could represent the Queen’s rage and trying to overshadow Alice and what Alice represents, which is youth. The Queen is likely to be jealous of Alice’s youth, which is a major theme in the novel. As for the chess pieces the descriptions of the colors don’t match tha t well, because the Red Queen is not full of rage. And also why choose red and white, when it’s normally black and white? ConclusionI disliked the book, but there was a lot to talk about in the log. It’s possible to write twenty or more pages on this book because everything is random, and something new just keeps coming and coming. My problem was that because I disliked the book, it was hard for me to talk about it and analyze it because I had no interest in it. I thought it was all nonsense. And trying to take apart the poems the riddles and puns that Carroll uses was like trying to understand the universe. The guy has a talent with language, I will admit that. I just find it useless because it brought me no joy or entertainment, just a headache.

Jackass: Comedy and People

Imagine you are up late one night watching television, and you come across the MTV channel and you start to watch a show where a man is slamming himself to a wall, and then you see another clip where a man is dancing around naked in the street, then you must be watching Jackass. Jackass is a show where people perform dangerous, hilarious, disgusting stunts and pranks, but simply the show is made to make people laugh. The show is really simply comedic, but since the show includes many dangerous stunts and activities, the show receives negative criticism for being the blame for certain accidents where teenagers tried to imitate the show. Even though the show has received a lot negative criticism, the show was still able to maintain its popularity because we have a dark sense of humor, we seek some sort of thrill, and it makes us feel superior to people on the show. Most of us have shown to have a dark sense of humor and we enjoy watching television shows like Jackass. The stunts and pranks performed on the show are cruel and most of the time people performing the stunts end up getting hurt, but we still laugh. Even looking at history, we can see that people have always has a dark sense of humor, like in Roman Empire era when people would fight to the death for other people’s entertainment. Then, we moved from trying to kill each other for entertainment to have animals fight for our entertainment, and now we have television and movies to help feed our craving for dark humor. In Stephen King’s essay, â€Å"Why We Crave Horror Movies†, Stephen explains that a horror movie â€Å"†¦deliberately appeals to all that is worst in us. It is morbidly unchained, our most base instincts set free, our nastiest fantasies realized†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Page 2). Just like a horror movie, shows like Jackass appeals to the worst in us and helps us to take control our dark sense of humor. Jackass is probably still one of the most disgusting and daring show on air and we find it thrilling to watch because for that reason. The shows intensity and excess makes us either want to look away or watch even more. On the show, they go as far as artificially inseminating a cow, swallowing a live fish and throwing it up later, flipping over a port-a-potty while someone is inside, diving into a pool full of elephant feces, and even more ridiculous stunts. The stunts on the show aren’t something that people do on a daily basis and people find it thrilling to watch others try something that hasn’t been done. Some of us would probably want to know what it is like to do some of the stunts seen on the show, but we are too afraid to try. The show help us to see what would have happened if we were to try a stunt seen on the show. The pranks done in the show are truly cruel and unnecessary and in some way makes us happy it isn’t us and makes us feel superior to the people on the show. On the show, someone walks around with an electric razor and randomly cuts out patches on people’s hair, also people on the show go off-roading in golf carts. Even though the show has a warning not to try anything seen on the show at home, most of us know better than to go ice skating naked and makes people laugh to know that there is someone out there stupid enough to try it. Just the watching the people on show, it makes us feel that we are better than them; somewhat feeds to our ego to know that there are others who less incompetent than us.

Night by by Elie Wiesel

Night by by Elie Wiesel Free Online Research Papers When reading the book Night by Elie Wiesel, I found myself unable to put it down. The word unbelievable kept coming to mind when reading away. How a person of such young age could have that much willpower and courage is hard for me to even fathom. Even though intolerance and racism still exist somewhat today, I am really thankful for the life I have. After reading the book I tried to put myself in the same situation and imagine what it would be like, but this mental exercise did not last long to say the least. If a Christian was in the same situation as Wiesel, I believe the effects would be analogous, in fact I think that any person that was in his shoes would question their beliefs at some point. If a Christian was in a Nazi camp it is logical that they would too question why God would allow this suffering. In the end though, a person with strong faith would assess the situation as a test from God. They might even look at this as part of God’s plan and relate it to Jesus’ suffering. I think this situation from a Hindu point of view would be a little tricky. A Hindu or Buddhist could probably explain his suffering and cope with it better than a Christian or Jew. I say this because they would not have God to blame. True they do have Gods they worship, but their religious motives are more self-directed since they control their destiny without relying on God, like Christians and Jews, to get you there. I do think a Hindu, especially one of a lower caste system, could tolerate the suffering better than others at first, but that level of toleration can last only so long. I suppose a Hindu could explain his or her own suffering as a test to the atman and perhaps one step closer to moksha. A Buddhist, to my best estimation, would view their suffering in similar way. Since many in the concentration camps realized that death, at some point, was probable, Buddhist could build from this. As long as they did nobody harm their road to Nirvana could be a realistic near future. While there were not many centralized characters in the book, there were those who made quite an impression. Akiba Drumer, a rabbi from Poland, was one who did not keep the faith like he should have. It was from his lack of faith that his life was cut shorter than it had to be. Drumer once told Elie, â€Å"It’s the end. God is no longer with us. (73)† I find it ghastly that a rabbi, of all people, would utter those words, as well as, â€Å"Where is the Divine Mercy? Where is God? How could I believe, how could anyone believe, in this merciful God? (73)† He felt that there couldn’t be a God, because otherwise there wouldn’t be this kind of suffering done to his children. Elie felt that if he had continued to believe, his life would have been prolonged, which is evident when he writes, â€Å"as soon as he felt the cracks forming in his faith, he had lost his reason for struggling and had begun to die.† From reading the book I was under the impression that eventually Elie found strength in himself not in God, almost like a bend but don’t break mentality. He was not very happy with God, and although he didn’t entirely question his faith, he certainly did question God and his motives. He felt that in some ways God was to blame for this, â€Å"I was the accuser, God the accused. (65)† If not for his father I think Elie would have not had the moral, even as little as it was, that kept him from giving up and ultimately headed towards a deadly date with the selection committee. It was during this time in camp that he and his father really bonded, it’s just a shame that the ending was what it was. It’s a shame how much dignity was stripped of these people captivate. There were times that they did get to act on their beliefs, when they gathered on the Appelplatz was one of them. I think they did this to feel at home, even for a short amount of time, and to ultimately feel human. What would captivate someone to treat a human being like this is a question without a humane answer. While this book was certainly depressing, it was heartfelt, insightful, and above all, moving. Research Papers on Night by by Elie WieselArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Mind TravelGenetic EngineeringEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoResearch Process Part OneUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresCanaanite Influence on the Early Israelite ReligionAppeasement Policy Towards the Outbreak of World War 2

Free Essays on Postmodernism

Can postmodernism end? In preparation for answering the monumental question of whether post-modernism can end, certain issues must be first addressed, and certain points established if a logical argument is to be conceived. Firstly, one must establish how post-modernism came about, whether it can be perceived as a style within art, with a beginning that can be marked relatively clearly, or whether it should be looked upon more as a philosophy that has always existed, but came to the forefront with the coining of the term. Throughout the history of art, there have been many attempts to chart the progression of various styles, how they were born and what constitutes them, with categorization of artists who serve as exponents for their cause. Within authoritative surveys of the history of art, such as Gombrich’s ‘The Story of Art’, it has been voiced that artistic elements of Post-modernism are currently underway, and have been born as a reaction against Modernism. The beginning of Post -modernism could therefore be marked as the point at which Modernism ended. I feel it may be necessary to also establish, however (if we are to look at the history of art as a progression of different styles, with evolving styles continually eclipsing existing ones) what exactly would surpass the movement of Post-modernism in order to answer the question of whether it can possibly end. The essence of Post-modernism has been defined as reactionary, a movement resulting as a response to the ideologies of Modernism. Modernism itself is seen as a movement, which emerged in an attempt to fight against Capitalism and segregation. Post-modernism is to be viewed as an opposing force, and has been defined as art for the consumer. Its ideals lie within a picking and choosing of various styles of existing art throughout history, manipulating it to produce a hyper reality, over-indulgent type of excess such as the art and architecture of Las Vegas wo... Free Essays on Postmodernism Free Essays on Postmodernism Postmodernism Postmodernism is a complicated term, or set of ideas, one that has only emerged as an area of academic study since the mid-1980s. Postmodernism is hard to define, because it is a concept that appears in a wide variety of disciplines or areas of study, including art, architecture, music, film, literature, sociology, communications, fashion, and technology. It's hard to locate it temporally or historically, because it's not clear exactly when postmodernism begins. Perhaps the easiest way to start thinking about postmodernism is by thinking about modernism, the movement from which postmodernism seems to grow or emerge. Modernism has two facets, or two modes of definition, both of which are relevant to understanding postmodernism. The first facet or definition of modernism comes from the aesthetic movement broadly labeled "modernism." This movement is roughly coterminous with twentieth century Western ideas about art (though traces of it in emergent forms can be found in the nineteenth century as well). Modernism, as you probably know, is the movement in visual arts, music, literature, and drama which rejected the old Victorian standards of how art should be made, consumed, and what it should mean. In the period of "high modernism," from around 1910 to 1930, the major figures of modernism literature helped radically to redefine what poetry and fiction could be and do: figures like Woolf, Joyce, Eliot, Pound, Stevens, Proust, Mallarme, Kafka, and Rilke are considered the founders of twentieth-century modernism. From a literary perspective, the main characteristics of modernism include: 1. an emphasis on impressionism and subjectivity in writing (and in visual arts as well); an emphasis on HOW seeing (or reading or perception itself) takes place, rather than on WHAT is perceived. An example of this would be stream-of-consciousness writing. 2. a movement away from the apparent objectivity provided by ... Free Essays on Postmodernism Can postmodernism end? In preparation for answering the monumental question of whether post-modernism can end, certain issues must be first addressed, and certain points established if a logical argument is to be conceived. Firstly, one must establish how post-modernism came about, whether it can be perceived as a style within art, with a beginning that can be marked relatively clearly, or whether it should be looked upon more as a philosophy that has always existed, but came to the forefront with the coining of the term. Throughout the history of art, there have been many attempts to chart the progression of various styles, how they were born and what constitutes them, with categorization of artists who serve as exponents for their cause. Within authoritative surveys of the history of art, such as Gombrich’s ‘The Story of Art’, it has been voiced that artistic elements of Post-modernism are currently underway, and have been born as a reaction against Modernism. The beginning of Post -modernism could therefore be marked as the point at which Modernism ended. I feel it may be necessary to also establish, however (if we are to look at the history of art as a progression of different styles, with evolving styles continually eclipsing existing ones) what exactly would surpass the movement of Post-modernism in order to answer the question of whether it can possibly end. The essence of Post-modernism has been defined as reactionary, a movement resulting as a response to the ideologies of Modernism. Modernism itself is seen as a movement, which emerged in an attempt to fight against Capitalism and segregation. Post-modernism is to be viewed as an opposing force, and has been defined as art for the consumer. Its ideals lie within a picking and choosing of various styles of existing art throughout history, manipulating it to produce a hyper reality, over-indulgent type of excess such as the art and architecture of Las Vegas wo...

Seven Things You Need to Know About the Ocean

Seven Things You Need to Know About the Ocean Its a fact that you may have heard before, but it bears repeating: scientists have mapped more terrain on the surface of the Moon, Mars, and Venus than they have of Earths ocean floor. There is a reason for this, however, beyond apathy towards oceanography. It is actually more difficult to map the surface of the ocean floor, which requires measuring gravity anomalies and using sonar at close ranges, than the surface of a nearby moon or planet, which can be done by radar from a satellite. The entire ocean is mapped, its just at a much lower resolution (5km) than the Moon (7m), Mars (20m) or Venus (100m). Needless to say, Earths ocean is vastly unexplored. This makes it hard for scientists and, in turn, the average citizen to fully understand this powerful and important resource.  People need to understand their impact on the ocean and the oceans impact on them- citizens need ocean literacy.   In October 2005, a group of national organizations  published a list of the 7 major principles and 44 fundamental concepts of Ocean Science Literacy. The goal of Ocean Literacy is threefold: to understand the science of the ocean, to communicate about the ocean in a meaningful way and to make informed and responsible decisions about ocean policy. Here are those seven Essential Principles.   1. The Earth Has One Big Ocean With Many Features Earth has seven continents, but one ocean. The sea is not a simple thing: it hides mountain ranges with more volcanoes than all those on land, and it is stirred by a system of currents and complex tides. In plate tectonics, the oceanic plates of the lithosphere mix the cold crust with the hot mantle over millions of years. The oceans water is integral with the freshwater we use, connected to it through the worlds water cycle. Yet as large as it is, the ocean is finite and its resources have limits. 2. The Ocean and Life in the Ocean Shape the Features of Earth Over geologic time, the sea dominates the land. Most of the rocks exposed on land were laid down underwater when sea level was higher than today. Limestone and chert are biological products, created from the bodies of microscopic sea life. And the sea shapes the coast, not just in hurricanes but in the persistent work of erosion and deposition by waves and tides. 3. The Ocean Is a Major Influence on Weather and Climate Indeed, the ocean dominates the worlds climate, driving three global cycles: water, carbon and energy. Rain comes from evaporated seawater, transferring not just water but the solar energy that took it from the sea. Sea plants produce most of the worlds oxygen; seawater takes up half the carbon dioxide put into the air. And the currents of the sea carry warmth from the tropics toward the poles- as the currents shift, the climate shifts as well. 4. The Ocean Makes the Earth Habitable Life in the ocean gave the atmosphere all of its oxygen, starting in the Proterozoic Eon billions of years ago. Life itself arose in the ocean. Geochemically speaking, the ocean has allowed Earth to keep its precious supply of hydrogen locked up in the form of water, not lost to outer space as it otherwise would be. 5. The Ocean Supports a Great Diversity of Life and Ecosystems The living space in the ocean is vastly greater than the habitats of the land. Likewise, there are more major groups of living things in the sea than on land. Ocean life includes floaters, swimmers and burrowers, and some deep ecosystems depend on chemical energy without any input from the sun. Yet much of the ocean is a desert while estuaries and reefs- both delicate environments- support the worlds greatest abundances of life. And the coastlines boast a tremendous variety of life zones based on the tides, wave energies and water depths. 6. The Ocean and Humans Are Inextricably Interconnected The ocean presents us with both resources and hazards. From it we extract foods, medicines and minerals; commerce relies on sea routes. Most of the population lives near it, and it is a major recreational attraction. Conversely ocean storms, tsunamis and sea-level change all threaten coastal lives. But in turn, humans affect the ocean in how we exploit, modify, pollute and regulate our activities in it. These are matters that concern all governments and all citizens. 7. The Ocean Is Largely Unexplored Depending on resolution, only .05% to 15% of our ocean has been explored in detail. Since the ocean is approximately 70% of the entire Earths surface, this means that 62.65-69.965% of our Earth is unexplored. As our reliance on the ocean continues to grow, marine science will be even more important in maintaining the oceans health and value, not just in satisfying our curiosity. Exploring the ocean takes many different talents- biologists, chemists, technicians, programmers, physicists, engineers and geologists. It takes new kinds of instruments and programs. It also takes new ideas- maybe yours, or your childrens. Edited by Brooks Mitchell

John Lockes Possible View of Kantian Theory and Utilitarian Theory Essay

John Lockes Possible View of Kantian Theory and Utilitarian Theory Evaluations - Essay Example This established basis of the social contract to ensure peace and order. The Kantian theory identifies rules as a basis for ethics. Established rules define individual’s obligations and an ethical act is one that is consistent with stipulated duty. This identifies a center of power, real as a body that establishes rules or virtual through socially or traditionally created rules. The Kantian theory would demand compliance with established rules that govern patents and respect for rules that established the patenting authority and would justify Grace’s operations under the existing patent (Brooks and Dunn 182- 185; Waluchow 121- 124). The utilitarian theory, however, focuses on consequences of actions and justifies actions that offer net benefits to a majority of members of the society. The theory justifies an act when the act offers net benefits and to more people. Even though the case identifies the development of a beneficial product, patenting the product protects one entity’s rights and prohibits other people from free benefits of the neem product as an insecticide. It also limits use among individuals who could have been using the product in its crude form, under the patient's physical jurisdiction and would, therefore, be unjustified under utilitarian ethics. John Locke would, therefore, support the Kantian evaluation that justifies the rule-based ethics because of the corresponding respect of power in the Kantian theory and Locke’s theory of social contract. The theorist would, however, undermine utilitarian theory’s evaluation because of its susceptibility to selfish interest, based on altruism, which only leads to chaos (Brooks and Dunn 182- 185; Waluchow 121- 124).

PHIL-COIS- Cyberethics Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

PHIL-COIS- Cyberethics Eassy - Essay Example Cyber bullying is increasing and resulting dangerous outcomes, which is becoming a serious threat in the community. Cyber bullying needs serious concerns for both online community and regulation to overcome this cyber crime. Possible solution of prevention from cyber bullying will be also discussed. The safer legal and disciplined use of the internet is the basic understanding of Cyber-Ethics (Cyberethics, 2011). Ethics have some standard rules and principles that are followed by humans. Same standards are followed in cyber activities. The way in which one can behave on the internet comes under cyber ethics. It involves the legal concerns as well, like following the law during internet usage. In digital media, the moral norms and duties should be followed and this comes under the definition of cyber ethics. The ethics that are needful for the internet environment comes under the definition of cyber-ethics. Another name of cyber ethics is computer ethics or internet ethic and all that comes under the spectrum of cyber-ethics. The alone computer user have own personal ethics while interacting with a system, when a same user becomes the internet user more principles involved under ethics and as a whole the user should follow the ethical norms (Tavani, 2006). The reason why one should concern about cyber ethics is to use the internet in a safe manner. The cyber-ethics are equally important as other areas (Pelgrin, 2011). Facebook and MySpace as social networking websites are so popular that these sites are difficult to control. Serious problem of cyber bullying has aroused. Girls commit suicide when their parents had taunted them on identifying their children’s identity. Description of cyber-ethics is explained in many categories regarding cyber-ethics. Some ethical values are common throughout the universe and same actions are applied in everywhere in the world, for example theft, murder, and assault. Same legal and

Debate over English Only Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Debate over English Only - Essay Example ThecaseofJoseph Vento, owner of Geno's Steaks in Philadelphia,willbediscussedinthisregard. InDecember,2007,thecaseofPhiladelphiaCheesesteakShopOwner,JosephVento,whohaddisplayedthesign'ThisisAMERICA:WHENORDERINGPLEASE'SPEAKENGLISH'hadbecomehighlycontroversial(foxnews.com).Tothis,Ventoreiteratedthathewasnotindulgentinmakingdiscriminatoryremarksoractivities.HesaidthathewasofItalianoriginandevenhisparentsandhe,hadtolearntheEnglishlanguage.Thiswasbecause,EnglishwastheunifyinglanguageinacountryliketheUS,wherethepopulationisdiverse.Onecannotpossiblyconverseinalllanguagesthatthepopulationwouldcomefrom. Hence,hefelt,thattheEnglishlanguagebeingtheinternationallanguage,wouldbeidealforunifiedcommunicationandavoidinganybreachincomprehension.Healsosaidthatsincethecountryhadimmigrantsfromdifferentcountriescomingin,theywouldspeakintheirownlanguage.Thiscouldnotbeunderstoodbyoneandall.Hence,hehadtoputuptheboard,tobeabletopassonthemessagethatcustomersatisfactionforabusinessisindeedimportant,forwhichservingtherightitemswasimperative.Onlyaunifyinglanguagecouldhelpincommunicatingwhatthecustomerneeds,inabetterway.Fullyconvincedbyhisreply,Vento'sattorneyShannon.L.Goessingsaid,"Thecaseshould,withoutquestion,bedismissed.Thereisalegitimatebusinesspurposeforthissign." Inspiteofthedecision,anumberofpartiesareforandagainsttheissueofputt... he'Whitesonly"postingsoftheJimCrowera.'Thesignsgiveafeelingofbeingunwelcomeandbeingexcluded, Charlessaid."(Philadelphia Cheesesteak Shop Owner Defends 'Order in English' Policy Saturday,December 15, 2007,Associated Press http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,316939,00.html) ENGLISH AS THE OFFICIAL LANGUAGE OF THE US Many people in the US debate that English should be made the official language of the country. This would bring about a common ground for unhindered communication and minimize comprehension errors, misunderstandings and misinterpretations. By making the English language the official language, even immigrants can converse without really having a problem. However, the challenge here lies in getting the immigrant force to understand and comprehend English. This largely depends on their backgrounds and it translates into meaning that if they do not know English, it would be very difficult for them, to live at ease in the US and converse. On the other hand, this would help all and sundry in gaining a common understanding and linguistic identity. This would work towards promoting unity in diversity. It would go a long way in unifying the masses under one common umbrella of linguistic unity, irrespective of subjective linguistic orientations and origins. ENGLISH AS THE ONLY LANGUAGE If English is made the only language in US that is officially recognized, it would spell doom to the huge number of citizenry that come from other linguistic backgrounds. Ever since globalization has impacted the world, US has gained immensely from the steady influx of immigrants

Reflection paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 28

Reflection paper - Essay Example As a proponent of conservative ideologies, Burke opposed the actions of revolutionaries. He maintained that the revolution was likely to cause anarchy and, therefore, presented the threat of terror (Burke 1). Burke maintained that subjects should surrender to established authorities with minimal opposition. It is imperative to maintain the institutions and uphold established order in the society. In Burke’s view, the French destabilized the very institutions that upheld order while justifying their claims as the search for equality. He asserts that France â€Å"disarmed its cabinets of princes of its most potent topics through tyrannous distrust† (Burke 1). Consequently, the French initiated instability and corruption. In defense of conservative ideologies, Burke supported the English form of governance. The English form of governance was a form of monarchy set by rule of law. It was not an absolute monarchy considering English form of governance consisted of a balance between the king’s control and rule of law. Similarly, Burke did not support absolute democracy for fear of control that emanates from the tyranny of the popular numbers. Tyranny and control by majority, in Burke’s view, would not form a perfect form of governance. Marx had earlier established the historical background of the middle-class population. He notes the importance of describing plight of those working for daily wages, usually considered as low class persons or industrial workers (Marx, Engels and McLellan 1). He starts by describing the reality regarding the living status of the proletariats as only able to live depending on the availability of livelihood jobs. He establishes that work mechanization renders this group jobless and vulnerable. Exploitation of proletariat is cyclic, starting at work and extends to the bourgeoisie landowners, bringing about an open revolution. He also notes that apart from the

Mother Tongue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Mother Tongue - Essay Example For those people who use English as their second language it is particularly difficult because their imperfect expressions of their thoughts often limit their opportunities in a given situation. Despite all difficulties, Tans story proves that good knowledge of English is really important for everyone because it goves more life opportunities and makes it easier to communicate with representatives of other cultures. Learning language is totally different from hard science as it is always certain; all people know that there is only one right solution in algebra but there are several ways to render the same thought in speech. Amy Tan uses this line of reasoning to explain why her grades in hard science have always been higher than her average achievements in English. Her explanation applies to my case as well. I find it easier to learn some historic dates or facts than language. Learning English as my second language is difficult because it presupposes a bit different way of thinking. When I use my native language, I rarely think about formulations because I make up phrases automatically. It is really different with English because there are many synonyms that have slightly different meanings. Native speakers can easily differentiate emotional connotation of particular words, but it is rather difficult for me. As a result, sometimes I use some words in the context which is not really appropriate for them. Language people use with their loved ones is always different from one they use in public. It is the reason why Amy Tan confesses that she uses the same language as her mother when she communicates with her. Even her husband speaks the same way as it is a sign of intimacy between them. The language I use in my family or with my friends is also different from one I use in writing. When I have to write an essay, I think carefully about words I use to express my thought to make them as clear as

Violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Violence - Essay Example The humans tend to fall in line with overall societal and normative outlook of the society so that they should not appear aliens to the local setup. The individual behaviors remain dependent on others from the beginning. The children are known to be dependent on their parents for fulfillment of their needs and wants. The interdependencies of a society often tend individuals to mold their personal behaviors according to the cultural norms of the community (Butler pp. 17). The community is primarily responsible for providing for the fundamental necessities of life. The societies are famous for exhibiting ruthless and inhumane behaviors towards those who do not conform to the acceptable cultural practices and therefore, they are often denied basic human rights. The human life is always under the profound influence and spell of the society and because of this reason, nobody does not have the full capacity and power to act alone. The sexual life of an individual is considered a very priva te matter of the person but they are informally regulated by the masses. The social constructivism theory states that individuals always observe the collective behavior of the society and attempt to embrace its norms and values. ... The human civilization is made up of communal relations and therefore, the individuals have to demonstrate conformation with societal norms in order to appear legitimate members of the certain community. However, the philosophical minorities initially gather their supporters to form institutions and once these centers are formalized then the followers of the neglected philosophy have the option to practice their beliefs in a controlled environment. The gay and lesbian communities formed centers where people can follow their sexual orientation in an isolated environment. The attempts are being made in order to promote gay and lesbian relations. But, the struggles are not proving to be fruitful in terms of attaining the goals in a short term perspective. The changes will take significantly long period of time in order to become an accepted practice in the culture of developed nations. The cultural norms are considered as the most notable obstacle and hindrance in the way of profound cu ltural acceptability of gay and lesbian relationships. The contemporary marital bonds evolved as people got more and more dissatisfied with conventional marriages. The intra-sex relations were falling apart and both the genders argued that their partners did not understand and respond to their deep seated needs and wants. The intersex relations then became popular because members of the same gender knew the art of pleasing their partners. The growing demand of sex toys is an evident proof that homosexuality is growing in all parts of the world. Nevertheless, it is very much imperative to note that lesbians and gays are famous for acting normal in the public so that they should not end up alienated in the society (Butler pp.20). They are however, famous for seeking their ideal

Mother Tongue Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Mother Tongue - Essay Example For those people who use English as their second language it is particularly difficult because their imperfect expressions of their thoughts often limit their opportunities in a given situation. Despite all difficulties, Tans story proves that good knowledge of English is really important for everyone because it goves more life opportunities and makes it easier to communicate with representatives of other cultures. Learning language is totally different from hard science as it is always certain; all people know that there is only one right solution in algebra but there are several ways to render the same thought in speech. Amy Tan uses this line of reasoning to explain why her grades in hard science have always been higher than her average achievements in English. Her explanation applies to my case as well. I find it easier to learn some historic dates or facts than language. Learning English as my second language is difficult because it presupposes a bit different way of thinking. When I use my native language, I rarely think about formulations because I make up phrases automatically. It is really different with English because there are many synonyms that have slightly different meanings. Native speakers can easily differentiate emotional connotation of particular words, but it is rather difficult for me. As a result, sometimes I use some words in the context which is not really appropriate for them. Language people use with their loved ones is always different from one they use in public. It is the reason why Amy Tan confesses that she uses the same language as her mother when she communicates with her. Even her husband speaks the same way as it is a sign of intimacy between them. The language I use in my family or with my friends is also different from one I use in writing. When I have to write an essay, I think carefully about words I use to express my thought to make them as clear as

Swot Analysis Essay Example for Free

Swot Analysis Essay Top Glove’s strengths and the opportunities available to it outweigh its weaknesses and the threats to its business. Strengths. One of Top Glove’s competitive edge is its size and wide product range. This is in line with group’s strategy of becoming the one-stop glove sourcing centre for glove users. Its size confers on it economies of scale and also the ability to expand upstream. Weakness. We can identify only one weakness in Top Glove. Being an OEM manufacturer, it does not have any products that carry its own brand name. Its size and strong growth could also work against its favour as it makes it more difficult for management to keep a close eye on all its operations. This is demonstrated by the recent illegal labour issue. Opportunities. Opportunities abound for Top Glove. Its expansion plans will enable it to ride on the increasing global demand for rubber gloves and the outsourcing trend by MNCs. Top Glove’s size also places it in a good position to undertake Mamp;As, which are likely given our belief that the local industry will experience more consolidation. Threats. The glove industry has low barriers of entry as only RM1m-1. 5m is needed to start a line. That said, although it is cheap to enter the industry, new players may not be competitive as they have to distinguish themselves from other players and need to compete in terms of volume in order to enjoy economies of scale. Aggressive expansion by the bigger players also poses the threat of an industry glut. Price and availability of latex are also sources of concern given that latex makes up more than 50% of the group’s costs. To mitigate the risk, Top Glove has expanded upstream by acquiring its own latex processing plant.

Stages of Alzheimers Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques

Stages of Alzheimers Utilizing Machine Learning Techniques Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the general type of dementia that affects the elderly population globally. An accurate and early diagnosis of Alzheimer is crucial for the treatment of patients suffering from AD. In this paper, two different classifiers, SVM (Support Vector Machine) and an ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System) have been employed to classify patients between AD control, mild control and normal control. The system employed MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) data obtained from the ADNI dataset of 150 subjects consisting of 75 normal controls, 50 mild controls and 25 AD controls. Initially, image processing techniques like segmentation and feature extraction are applied on these MRI images to enhance the classification accuracy. The segmentation is performed using k-means clustering and a GLCM (Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix) are used to extract the 2D features of the left ventricle of the brain. The extracted features are then utilized to train the classifiers and the results obtained from both classifiers are then compared. It is shown that the classification accuracy of ANFIS is more when compared to that of SVM classifier. Keywords: Alzheimer, MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging), ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System), SVM (Support Vector Machine). 1. Introduction Alzheimer’s disease is a neurodegenerative syndrome [1] of the brain tissues that results in progressive and permanent loss of mental function. The disease generally starts with mild indications and ends with severe damage in brain. The pathophysiology of the disease is associated with the damage and death of the neurons, originating in the hippocampus region of the brain that is involved with learning and memory, then atrophy impacts the whole brain. According to epidemiological information Alzheimer affects approximately 26 million people all over the world. In order to give proper care to AD patients, it is vital to measure the amount of atrophy present in the cerebral cortex during the initial stages of AD. The early detection of these diseases can greatly enhance diagnosis. But, diagnosis of this disease depends on the history, neuropsychological tests and clinical assessment. However, the clinical assessment is biased and the neuropsychological test does not provide high accuracy for early stage detection of the disease. In addition to neuropsychological analysis, structural imaging is greatly utilized in order to provide support to AD diagnosis. The whole brain approach utilized for describing the brain atrophy might be capable of differentiating between AD and MCI (mild cognitive impairment) patients. Recent researches [1, 2] show that the analysis of brain scan images is more consistent and subtle in identifying the presence of Alzheimer’s disease than the conventional cognitive assessment. In this circumstance, several machine learning approaches have been presented in order to perform neuroimaging analysis for classification of AD. In addition, all these approaches require training sets that is well categorized structure in order to classify each new subject that belongs to the test set. Recently MRI data have become center of several machine learning techniques for classifying subjects as CN vs. AD or CN vs. MCI. The focus of this paper is to classify between the different stages of AD utilizing machine learning techniques. Here, all the MRI brain scan images are segmented using k means clustering and the 2D shape features of the ventricles are obtained using GLCM based feature extraction. Then the extracted features are utilized for classification. First, an SVM based classifier is employed to classify the test data into three categories: normal, mild and AD. Second, an ANFIS based classifier is utilized for classification. Finally, the results of the two classifiers are compared and have been shown that ANFIS classifier outperforms SVM classifier. 2. Related Works Alzheimer’s disease (AD) classification is vital for early detection and diagnosis of the disease. Several studies explored machine learning techniques and artificial intelligence for detecting the cerebral changes and differentiate between normal aging and AD patients [1-3]. In [4] a support vector machine (SVM) based machine learning approach has been utilized for automatic classification entire brain anatomical MRI data to differentiate between elderly control and AD control patients. In this study, 16 patients with AD control and 22 patients with elderly control were used. Depending upon the gray matter characteristics extracted from region of interest (ROI), the SVM algorithm is used for classifying the subjects and the arithmetic procedures are based on bootstrap resampling in order to ensure the strength of the results. In [5] a local patch based subspace ensemble approach has been proposed that constructs several different classifiers depending on the various subsets of local patches and they are combined for robust and more accurate classification. Here, every brain image is segmented into number of local patches and the subset of patches is selected from the patch pool and a sparse representation based classifier technique has been used in order to construct a weak classifier. The multiple weak classifiers are then combined for making final decision. [6] A framework for classifying Alzheimer’s disease utilizing ADNI dataset is presented. The framework fuses overlap based and registration based similarity measures that are enhanced employing a self-smoothing operator. These enhanced metrics are then employed for the classification of Alzheimer disease. In [7] an automatic classification system for recognizing AD in MRI (structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging) has been developed. The system utilizes visual content description of anatomical brain structure (hippocampal region) and fuses two biomarkers CSF and hippocampus in order to enhance the classification accuracy. It is shown that the classification accuracy is more in case of fusion than when utilizing CSF volume or visual features separately. In [8] support vector machines (SVM) were assessed to determine whether data combined from various scanners would provide effective classification. Here, a linear SVM has been employed to classify GM (grey matter) portion of T1 weighted MR image. The results show that about 96% of clinically verified AD patients were accurately classified exploiting the entire brain image. [9] Classified between healthy, MCI and AD patients with the help of support vector machine (SVM). The author also analyzed the accuracy of classification when several a natomical brain regions and various image modalities are combined. Therefore, global and regional grey matter, regional asymmetry coefficients, Ti- quantitative MRI data and regional with matter volumes are combined. It shows that an accuracy of 88.3% in case of CTL vs. AD and 81.8 % in case of CTL vs. MCI was attained. In [10] a binary SVM has been proposed to classify patients between mild cognitive impairment and elderly control subjects from MRI images. This approach utilized a Java Agent DEvelopement Framework (JADE) in order to reduce the computation time. 3. Materials and Methods In this section, the data set and methods utilized in this study as well as the description of the proposed framework depicted in fig 1 are presented. 3.1 Subjects The data employed in this study were obtained from ADNI (Alzheimers disease Neuroimaging Initiative) database [11]. ADNI utilizes biomarker measures and neuroimaging in order to track the changes taking places in the brain of the subjects under study for diagnosing AD at an early stage. Fig 1 Block Diagram of the step involved in the classification of stages of AD 3.2 Image Preprocessing The collected T1 weighted MRI images were free from noise, missing data and outliers. In preprocessing step all the MRI brain images are segmented into VM, GM, CSF and Ventricle tissues that represent vital information about brain degeneration disease. A clustering based segmentation approach has been employed for this purpose. The k means clustering is exploited in order to extract the VM, GM and CSF features the entire MRI brain image. It partitions the data points into k clusters [12] based on the inherent distance between the data points. The intent is to minimize inter cluster variance. For a healthy MRI brain image, k is usually three (corresponding to grey matter, white matter and CSF). After segmenting the MRI brain images into GM, WM and CSF, morphological operations are applied to obtain the binary ventricle tissue. Here, morphological operators such as erosion and dilution are applied. 3.3 Feature Extraction In order to accurately classify AD patients ventricle shape features are extracted. In this work, the 2D shape features are extracted from the ventricles based on Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) feature extraction. This method computes the co-occurrence matrix of each image present in the database by calculating how frequently pixel x with certain intensity value take place in relation with other pixel y at a specific orientation ÃŽ ¸ and distance d. The eleven features calculated from every co-occurrence matrix, generates set of feature vectors. These feature vectors include contrast, homogeneity, energy, correlation, mean, variance, rectangularity, elongation, circularity, area and perimeter and listed in table 1. Table 1: Extracted Features

tupac :: essays research papers

You are here: Home > Free Papers Search For Papers... --->BiographiesBusinessLiteratureHealthHistoryMythologyPhilosophyPoliticsPsychologyReligionSciencesSocial IssuesTechnology----------------Custom Papers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Tupak Shakur / Tupac Shakur (a.k.a. 2pac) DOB: June 16, 1971 – Brooklyn, NY DOD: September 13, 1996 – Las Vegas, NY Height: 5’10 Weight: 168 Mother: Afeni Shakur Father: William Garland Step Father: Jeral Wayne Williams Half Sister: Sekyiwa Shakur Half Brother: Maurice Harding Godfather: Elmar â€Å"Geronimo† Pratt Music Group: One Nation Emcees, Two From The Crew, Strictly Dope, Digital Underground, Thug Life, Outlaw Immortalz/ Outlawz Aliases: MC New York, 2pac, Makeveli Martial Status: Divorced (Keisha Morris) & Engaged (Kidida) What does it take to be an icon of the 21st century? An icon is a symbol representing what a person did to be admired by many people and achieved many things rarely an ordinary person can do. I would consider Tupac to be an icon of the 21st century because he became a living symbol of his generations to many hip-hop and rap fans all over the world. He was the son of Afeni Shakur and Billy Garland. At his teens, his family moved to Baltimore, MD. He attended The Baltimore School for the Performing Arts and studied acting and ballet. At this school, the teachers had an impression of Tupac that he had an outstanding potential. Unfortunately, he had to move to Oakland, CA with his family and that was when he began to, as Tupac called it, â€Å"Hang with the wrong crowd.† As a true icon of the 21st century, Tupac had many great qualities and was very humble because he grew up in the poorest part of the city and he knew the feeling of being poor. After all of his success he never in any way try to flaunt about his wealth and that he showed strength not by money but by the words he sang and wrote. Tupac Shakur can be characterized as a rapper, an actor and a great personality. One of the greatest aspects that create Tupac is his great talent of being a great rapper. Baltimore was the city where Tupac really began getting into the art of emceeing. In Baltimore, at the age of fourteen, Tupac was known as MC New York. In California, he joined the rap group Digital Underground to learn the ropes of the hip-hop industry, and became the dancer for the crew. A year later, Tupac finally recorded a song with Digital Underground called, â€Å"Same Song.† Not long before the group received award-winning success, Tupac came out with his own album called, â€Å"2pacalypse Now†, which was also a success.

Germany: Economic Powerhouse of the EU Essay -- Germany Economy

The country of Germany is one of the strongest economies in Europe as a whole. A brief history and overall status of this country is going to be explained giving examples and demographics. Along with my understanding of the information, I will try to help you understand the importance of this country’s overall macroeconomic stance that contributes to today’s wealth of the European Union. The barbaric Celts are believed to have been the first settlers of the Germanic lands before the tribes of the second century before Christ. The German barbaric attacks against the declining roman infrastructure added in the destruction of the Roman Empire in the 400’s and 500’s A.D. The Holy Roman Emperor, Charlemagne, was crowned after he attained the supremacy of Western Europe in 800 A.D. Charlemagne derived from one of the tribes known as the Franks, native to present day Germany. For many of the years following the rule of Otto the Great many of the leaders of Germany had high positions of leadership in the Holy Roman Empire, this lasted for several centuries. (Education) The Holy Roman Empire was to loosely spread around the 14th Century. The long line of Hapsburgs ruled the Holy Roman Empire until its down fall in 1806. A dispute brought an internal war for Germany in 1618 and lasted for 30 years until 1648. This war left Germany torn apart, spread into hundreds of principalities that independently survived with out the Emperor. In a short time after, Prussia developed into impressive strength. Frederick the Great, organized the Prussian military and defeated the Austrians. The struggle for power between the Austrians and Prussians continued and ended in the defeat of Austria in 1866. (Education) Following the Defeat, Pru... ...and resilient one full of economic prosperity. The geography, demographics, and politics have shaped this country into what it is today. From a Macroeconomic stance, Germany has out done all of its neighbors. Many other countries should enact what polices Germany has in play. Germany also has some of the top business schools in the world that I believe is responsible for the majority of the outcomes of the GDP being where it is today. Works Cited Education, Pearson. Germany. 2005. 01 December 2013 http://www.infoplease.com/country/germany.html. Foundation, The Heritage. "Germany." 2013. 2013 Index of Economic Freedom. 01 December 2013 http://www.heritage.org/index/country/germany. Gurtler, Detlef. Wirtshcftstlas Deutschland. Berlin, 2010. X-Rates. 01 December 2013. 01 December 2013 http://www.x-rates.com/table/?from=USD&amount=1.00.

Need for Survival Essay

The first topic I will be talking about is your need for physical survival. There is the need for food and water you will need shelter and some other odds and ends. You will need food first of all you will need to find a place that produces a sufficient amount of food such as a vegetable patch or a shop or a farm. In the book tomorrow when the war began they went to one of the houses that had a good well running vegetable patch and they choose good fruit and vegetables that would last for a good and long period of time. Also during the story they ended up using the shearers quarters to hide from the army people this was also done to get out of the weather. They had many water supplies they had the water in hell the opened out dam the water in the bottles. In the episode of man vs wild he found a snake in by the creek and he caught it and he bit just behind the jaw line and it killed the snake instantly he saved the snake until later when he had set up his shelter and fire he found a shelter in an old cave he set up his fire and he then sat the snake on it until it cooked properly while the snake was cooking he went of and found a hole in which had dirty water in the bottom he used his shirt some charcoal and some rocks and dirt to act as a strainer and clean the water he had to repeat this a couple of times until the water was drinkable and that is how. I am going to summarise the basic survival skills that were used in man versed wild an there is more to survival than the physical survival skills there are mental and tactical survival skills which I will be talking about next. There is more to survival than physical survival there is mental survival which is what I will be talking about now.

Patient Education Plan Essay

This is a Patient Education Plan for a patient suffering from a gastrointestinal disease called liver cirrhosis. Gastrointestinal infection is said to be any communicable disease which involves the gastrointestinal tract making it as its portal of entry of affecting it by any means. The organisms which produce toxins cause this kind of infectious intestinal disease all by themselves. Thus, cirrhosis is an irreversible type of liver damage described as a dense scarring (fibrosis) of the hepatic tissues. In the United States, the major causes are excessive alcohol consumption and viral Hepatitis C. Other known causes include chronic hepatitis B and D, iron overload, autoimmune/inherited diseases, chronic bile duct obstruction, and drugs, toxins and other infections as well. The patient in this specific case is a 38-year old male who has been working as a gardener and janitor in one of the prestigious learning institutions in the United States. Even if he is only 38, he looks like he is 50 years old already. Let us call him â€Å"Dave† for purposes of confidentiality and patient protection. Dave is the breadwinner of a family of five. He has three children and his wife is working as a clerk for an agency within the neighborhood. Being a gardener and a janitor at the same time, he is often on duty the whole day under the intense heat of the sun with little rest or no rest at all. He also works daily without any rest days and frequently engages in over time to get extra pay to sustain life’s needs. Patient 2 Because of too much toiling done, Dave believes he deserves to relax after work so he always drinks alcohol to relax his muscles. This has become a regular habit of his for the past 15 years. It all began as a relaxing strategy until it has become a daily habit. Drinking has become his idea of socialization. Though he knows the dilemmas of habitual drinking, he is finding a hard time to get himself to minimize or stop drinking. Even at work, he keeps a bottle secretly kept so he can take sips or gulps from time to time while keeping himself busy. It has become as sort-of water to him. It should be noted that before Dave became an alcoholic, he has a large frame weighing 180 lbs. and standing at 5 feet and 11 inches. After he became an alcoholic, he now weighs only 150 lbs. which is way below his ideal weight. His skin wrinkled and darkened but with tinges of yellowish areas all throughout his body. His body bulged since his liver has inflamed already and edema has occurred inside him. Physically, one will know right then that he is sick. As to his family history, it is important to be aware that his father was also a habitual drinker but lucky enough for him that he did not develop liver cirrhosis. However, two brothers of his father had liver cirrhosis and one of them died of the disease. Therefore, said gastrointestinal disease runs in their family. Dave had a chance of going to college but because of attitude problems he fell short and finished only high school. So he ended up with a menial job as a school gardener and janitor. Based on his scholastic records, he was a good student. He gained good grades, not academically rewarding but decent enough to pass college scholarships. His alleged stubborn traits had won him over. Patient 3 The patient, Dave, preferred to engage in one-to-one learning technique rather than learning by group method. Dave has several sensitive, private and critical issues which he opts to share only with the learning provider, in this case, the nurse. In fact, Dave did not even approved of the idea of â€Å"learning† at first because of his stubbornness. He wants to do things alone but with thorough explanation, he was able to understand his condition little by little and began cooperating to work on his sick state. So what is liver cirrhosis all about? The disease has been defined earlier as a form of liver damage which affects the gastrointestinal system. Among the early signs include weakness/fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis, tea-colored urine, clay-colored stool, amenorrhea, decreased sexual urge, loss of pubic and axilla hair, hepatomegaly, jaundice, and pruritus or urticaria. Late signs involve hematological, endocrine, GIT and neurological changes. Further, it can complicate into more serious illnesses such as edema and ascites (fluid buildup), bruising and bleeding, jaundice, itching, gallstones, toxins in the blood or brain leading to impaired brain function, kidney failure, sensitivity to medication, portal hypertension, varices, insulin resistance and Type 2 diabetes, liver cancer and problems with other organs. In Dave’s case, it began as a severe case of alcoholism combined with malnutrition which led Laennec’s cirrhosis. This went on to the destruction of hepatic cells or hepatocytes then fibrosis or scarring. Following thereafter is an obstruction of blood flow which increases pressure in the venous and sinusoidal channels then fatty infiltration leading to further fibrosis or scarring. Finally, portal hypertension or high blood pressure (hypertension) in the portal veins and its branches resulted. Patient 4 The prevalence of liver cirrhosis can come across all ages starting at the age of 21 but as the age increases, the rate of scarring progression increases as well. This means that liver cirrhosis cases are more serious with higher age. In Dave’s case, his age may directly affect the severity of his condition. Development of his illness was hastened in that it has been at least 15 years since he became a habitual drinker. It was accumulated through time and in his case, progression is faster compared to others. Because of his liver disease, he cannot work as a gardener and janitor anymore as these are jobs which require much strength and energy. He cannot fulfill his responsibilities at home and his family as well since his health is generally impaired. Further, he cannot participate in community activities too. Patient needs to be educated regarding his nutritional needs. He must monitor his calorie intake and the amounts and kinds of food that he takes to avoid obesity. If possible, he must be given a schedule of diet so he can eat the right kinds of food at the right time and place. Moreover, he must be taught how to improve his depreciating self-esteem due to inability to fulfill his usual duties. He must develop healthy lifestyle practices and new behaviors which will help him regain his confidence. From this moment on, Dave must be able to recover from his health and personality deficiencies. Instead of feeling down and troubled, he must mature by seeing the brighter side of life. The key is acceptance of his present condition and avoid feeling regretful and confused as much as possible. This can be done more competently with the support of the nurse and the significant others who are connected to him.